Skeleton·ID user guides

Computed tomography X-ray computed tomography (usually abbreviated to CT) is a common medical imaging technique that provides detailed, three dimensional internal images of the human body. A CT scan can be considered as the 3D counterpart of X-ray radiography. Rather than a single 2D image, a CT scan is a 3D volume, the content of […]

Craniofacial Identification techniques, such as craniofacial superimposition (CFS), craniofacial reconstruction (CFR) and others are based on the use of 2D or 3D images of the face and skull [1] to try to establish the identity of an individual. Historically, these procedures have been carried out only with photographs due to the lack of the necessary […]

Once we have performed a skull-face overlay and we have filled in the evaluations tab with the analyzed criteria, we will be able to access the decision-making section and generate an automatic report on the case.

The present manual was designed to compile and illustrate the criteria to be used in the assessment of consistency between the superimposed skull and photography, analyzing anatomical criteria such as the concordance between the outlines of the face and the skull, the positional relationship of specific facial and skeletal features and soft tissue thickness.

In general, experts in the field of CFS tend to apply their own approach to the problem, depending on the technology available in their laboratory. For example, when scaling images of the face and skull, some researchers focus on specific sets of homologous landmarks, others rely more on a fit of skull and facial contours or seek morphological consistency.

Once the cephalometric and craniometric landmarks have been placed, we will be able to access the skull-face overlay scene.
In this scene, by default, the skull projected on the facial photograph will appear in the center of the image.

This manual detail the main craniometric points used in anthropological studies, including those normally used in craniofacial identification and those used for the measurement of craniometric indexes and planes.

This manual has been designed to support users with methodological guidelines for the analysis of facial images by establishing anatomical landmarks.

In this article, we are taking a look at an alternative 3D scanning system based on photogrammetry, consisting of two DSLR cameras combined with 3D reconstruction software. The technique used here is called 3D reconstruction from multiple images.